| Warning |
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| title | New CAS documentation site |
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CAS documentation has moved over to jasig.github.io/cas, starting with CAS version 4.x. The wiki will no longer be maintained. For the most recent version of the documentation, please refer to the aforementioned link. |
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This page consists of an SSL error message troubleshooting reference followed by a discussion of SSL in Java that puts many of the solutions in context. |
Troubleshooting SSL Errors
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PKIX path building failed
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| java |
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| java |
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| title | PKIX Example Stack Trace | java |
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Sep 28, 2009 4:13:26 PM org.jasig.cas.client.validation.AbstractCasProtocolUrlBasedTicketValidator retrieveResponseFromServer
SEVERE: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException:
sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException:
sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed:
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(Unknown Source)
at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(Unknown Source)
at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsClient.afterConnect(Unknown Source)
at sun.net.www.protocol.https.AbstractDelegateHttpsURLConnection.connect(Unknown Source)
at sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.getInputStream(Unknown Source)
at sun.net.www.protocol.https.HttpsURLConnectionImpl.getInputStream(Unknown Source)
at org.jasig.cas.client.validation.AbstractCasProtocolUrlBasedTicketValidator.retrieveResponseFromServer(AbstractCasProtocolUrlBasedTicketValidator.java:35)
at org.jasig.cas.client.validation.AbstractUrlBasedTicketValidator.validate(AbstractUrlBasedTicketValidator.java:178)
at org.jasig.cas.client.validation.AbstractTicketValidationFilter.doFilter(AbstractTicketValidationFilter.java:132)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
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PKIX path building errors are by far the most common SSL errors reported on the cas-user@lists.jasig.org mailing list. The problem here is that the CAS client does not trust the certificate presented by the CAS server; most often this occurs because of using a self-signed certificate on the CAS server. To resolve this error, import the CAS server certificate into the system truststore of the CAS client. If the certificate is issued by your own PKI, it is better to import the root certificate of your PKI into the CAS client truststore. See SSL Troubleshooting and Reference Guide#Import Import Trusted Certificate for examples of importing a trusted certificate into a Java truststore.
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| Code Block |
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| title | Sample Alt Name Stack Trace |
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javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: java.security.cert.CertificateException: No subject alternative names present
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| title | Sample Wrong Host Name Stack Trace |
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ava.lang.RuntimeException: java.io.IOException: HTTPS hostname wrong: should be <eiger.iad.vt.edu>
org.jasig.cas.client.validation.Saml11TicketValidator.retrieveResponseFromServer(Saml11TicketValidator.java:203)
org.jasig.cas.client.validation.AbstractUrlBasedTicketValidator.validate(AbstractUrlBasedTicketValidator.java:185)
org.jasig.cas.client.validation.AbstractTicketValidationFilter.doFilter(AbstractTicketValidationFilter.java:132)
org.jasig.cas.client.authentication.AuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AuthenticationFilter.java:102)
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- CAS client misconfiguration (usually a bad serverName init param)
- Complex multi-tier server environment (e.g. clustered CAS server)
- Host name too broad for scope of wildcard certificate
It is also worth checking that the certificate your CAS server is using for SSL encryption matches the one the client is checking against. For example, if your CAS server's ticket validator URL is https://subdomain.correctdomain.com/<something> and you have accidentally configured Tomcat to use the certificate for *.wrongdomain.com in it's SSL connector. You will get a bad certificate warning in the browser on the login page to hint at a problem but you ignore that warning (because you are using self signed certificates during development) and continue. Ticket validation will then fail with "java.security.cert.CertificateException: No name matching subdomain.correctdomain.com found" because the public key the CAS server is providing is for *.wrongdomain.com. The CAS client looks for the *.wrongdomain.com certificate in cacerts and then tries to find a matching CN or alternate within that certificate. It will completely ignore the beautifully crafted *.correctdomain.com certificate you carefully imported into cacerts.
Wildcard Certificates
JSSE support for wildcard certificates is limited to hosts strictly in the same domain as the wildcard. For example, a certificate with CN=.vt.edu matches hosts *a.vt.edu and b.vt.edu, but not a.b.vt.edu.
unrecognized_name Error
| Code Block |
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| title | JDK unrecognized_name SSL error |
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javax.net.ssl.SSLProtocolException: handshake alert: unrecognized_name |
The above error occurs mainly in Oracle JDK 7 CAS Server installations. In JDK7, SNI (Server Name Indication) is enabled by default. When the HTTPD Server does not send the correct Server Name back, the JDK HTTP Connection refuses to connect and the exception stated above is thrown.
To fix the issue, you must ensure your HTTPD Server is sending back the correct hostname. E.g. in Apache HTTPD, you must set the ServerAlias in the SSL vhost:
| Code Block |
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| title | Apache HTTPD ServerAlias to fix SNI error |
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ServerName your.ssl-server.name
ServerAlias your.ssl-server.name |
Alternatively, you can disable the SNI detection in JDK7, by adding this flag to the Java options of your CAS Servers' application server configuration:
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-Djsse.enableSNIExtension=false |
Keystore/TrustStore Reference
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| Code Block |
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| title | Convert PEM-encoded Cert to DER Encoding |
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openssl x509 -in etc/pki/incommon-root-cert.pem -out tmp/incommon-root-cert.der -outform DER
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| Code Block |
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| title | Keytool Import Command |
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keytool -import -keystore $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security/cacerts -file tmp/incommon-root-cert.der -alias incommon
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List Trusted Certificates
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keytool -v -list -keystore $JAVA_HOME/jre/lib/security/cacerts
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| Code Block |
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| title | Sample setenv.sh Tomcat Script |
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# Uncomment the next 4 lines for custom SSL keystore
# used by all deployed applications
#KEYSTORE="$HOME/path/to/custom.keystore"
#CATALINA_OPTS=$CATALINA_OPTS" -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=$KEYSTORE"
#CATALINA_OPTS=$CATALINA_OPTS" -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStoreType=BKS"
#CATALINA_OPTS=$CATALINA_OPTS" -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=changeit"
# Uncomment the next 4 lines to allow custom SSL trust store
# used by all deployed applications
#TRUSTSTORE="$HOME/path/to/custom.truststore"
#CATALINA_OPTS=$CATALINA_OPTS" -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStore=$TRUSTSTORE"
#CATALINA_OPTS=$CATALINA_OPTS" -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStoreType=BKS"
#CATALINA_OPTS=$CATALINA_OPTS" -Djavax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword=changeit"
# Uncomment the next line to print SSL debug trace in catalina.out
#CATALINA_OPTS=$CATALINA_OPTS" -Djavax.net.debug=ssl"
export CATALINA_OPTS
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